Journalism news writing inverted pyramid

Write effective news articles using journalism fundamentals and ethical standards. Inverted pyramid structure: 1. Lead (25 words): who, what, when, where, why in order of importance. 2. Body: supporting details in descending order of significance. 3. Tail: background information, future implications. Lead types: 1. Straight news: factual, immediate information. 2. Feature: creative angle, human interest hook. 3. Summary: multiple related events condensed. News values: timeliness, proximity, prominence, impact, conflict, human interest, unusualness. Verification process: 1. Multiple source confirmation: minimum 2 independent sources. 2. Primary sources preferred: firsthand accounts, official documents. 3. Attribution: direct quotes with source credibility. 4. Fact-checking: numbers, dates, spelling of names. Ethical guidelines: 1. Accuracy over speed: verify before publishing. 2. Fairness: present multiple perspectives on controversial topics. 3. Independence: avoid conflicts of interest, disclose relationships. Interview techniques: open-ended questions, active listening, follow-up clarifications. Writing style: active voice, short sentences, AP Style for consistency. Digital considerations: SEO headlines, social media sharing, multimedia integration.